[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/akumulatorova-baterie-ta-trocha-teorie-nikoho-nezabije\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/akumulatorova-baterie-ta-trocha-teorie-nikoho-nezabije\/","headline":"Akumul\u00e1torov\u00e1 baterie, ta trocha teorie nikoho nezabije","name":"Akumul\u00e1torov\u00e1 baterie, ta trocha teorie nikoho nezabije","description":"Olov\u011bn\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stroje se spalovac\u00edm motorem, motocyklu i automobilu. Pochopit jeho funkci znamen\u00e1 um\u011bt se o n\u011bj starat a udr\u017eovat. Konstrukce olov\u011bn\u00e9ho akumul\u00e1torov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku Akumul\u00e1torov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek obsahuje dv\u011b olov\u011bn\u00e9 deskov\u00e9 elektrody, kladnou a z\u00e1pornou, pono\u0159en\u00e9 do elektrolytu. T\u00edm je kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 o hustot\u011b 1,28 kg\/l. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 deska m\u00e1 z baterie vyveden kontakt...","datePublished":"2020-01-18","dateModified":"2020-01-18","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0004469d2196026c4aaacbb56e80b8fe204b91e98e8d884732a12310e081011a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0004469d2196026c4aaacbb56e80b8fe204b91e98e8d884732a12310e081011a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"tinky.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a367420_w3053_t1579843016.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a367420_w3053_t1579843016.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/akumulatorova-baterie-ta-trocha-teorie-nikoho-nezabije\/","about":["Auto moto"],"wordCount":599,"articleBody":"Olov\u011bn\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stroje se spalovac\u00edm motorem, motocyklu i automobilu. Pochopit jeho funkci znamen\u00e1 um\u011bt se o n\u011bj starat a udr\u017eovat.\tKonstrukce olov\u011bn\u00e9ho akumul\u00e1torov\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku\tAkumul\u00e1torov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek obsahuje dv\u011b olov\u011bn\u00e9 deskov\u00e9 elektrody, kladnou a z\u00e1pornou, pono\u0159en\u00e9 do elektrolytu. T\u00edm je kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 o hustot\u011b 1,28 kg\/l. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 deska m\u00e1 z baterie vyveden kontakt (p\u00f3l, p\u00f3lov\u00fd n\u00e1stavec), kter\u00fdm je mo\u017eno \u010dl\u00e1nek zapojit do elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu. Mezi deskami je p\u00f3rovit\u00e1 hmota, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 za \u00fakol dr\u017eet ob\u011b desky ve stanoven\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a zabr\u00e1nit jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu dotyku. V\u0161e je um\u00edst\u011bno v n\u00e1dobce s v\u00ed\u010dkem, ze kter\u00e9ho jsou vyvedeny jen kladn\u00fd a z\u00e1porn\u00fd p\u00f3l, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b z\u00e1tka pro kontrolu elektrolytu nebo pro jeho dopln\u011bn\u00ed.\tPopsan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek m\u00e1 jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 2V. Spojen\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f vznik\u00e1 baterie. Ta, kterou zn\u00e1me z auta, m\u00e1 takov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f 6 a jej\u00ed jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je tedy 12V. Jmenovit\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e1 hodnota pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 k ozna\u010den\u00ed \u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc\u00edmu pro jak\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze dan\u00fd prvek pou\u017e\u00edt.\t\tVyb\u00edjen\u00ed\tZapojen\u00edm spot\u0159ebi\u010de (start\u00e9r, osv\u011btlen\u00ed) do elektrick\u00e9ho obvodu s bateri\u00ed dojde k elektrochemick\u00e9 reakci a ka\u017ed\u00fdm jej\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem za\u010dne proch\u00e1zet elektrick\u00fd proud. Kyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 za\u010dne na desk\u00e1ch vytv\u00e1\u0159et s\u00edran olovnat\u00fd a elektrolyt \u0159\u00eddne. Jeho hustota kles\u00e1 a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se z n\u011bj voda. V zim\u011b je proto vybit\u00e1 baterie n\u00e1chyln\u00e1 na zamrznut\u00ed!\tHustotu elektrolytu je mo\u017en\u00e9 zm\u011b\u0159it hustom\u011brem s barevnou stupnic\u00ed a dle nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hodnoty pak ur\u010dit stav nabit\u00ed \u010di vybit\u00ed baterie.\tN\u011bkter\u00e9 baterie maj\u00ed ve v\u00edku indika\u010dn\u00ed ok\u00e9nko a podle jeho zbarven\u00ed lze ur\u010dit stav nabit\u00ed nebo vybit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru – ve sv\u00e9 podstat\u011b je to jen hustom\u011br integrovan\u00fd do v\u00edka akumul\u00e1toru.\t\u00a0\tHlubok\u00e9 vybit\u00ed\tTakov\u00fd stav nastane, kdy\u017e vyb\u00edjen\u00edm odebereme 80% kapacity baterie. Nap\u011bt\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nku se tak dostane na hranici 1,75V, co\u017e je 10,5 V u baterie jmenovit\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed12V. V tomto ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edm stavu ji\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k tzv. nevratn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m. Na desk\u00e1ch se tvo\u0159\u00ed s\u00edran olovnat\u00fd, kter\u00fd se nab\u00edjen\u00edm u\u017e nerozpust\u00ed a baterie tak obvykle ji\u017e nejde nab\u00edt. Akumul\u00e1tor doslou\u017eil.\t\u00a0\tNab\u00edjen\u00ed\tPo p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zdroje nap\u011bt\u00ed (nab\u00edje\u010dka, altern\u00e1tor vozidla) se vlivem pr\u016fchodu elektrick\u00e9ho proudu za\u010dne s\u00edran olovnat\u00fd m\u011bnit na s\u00edran olovi\u010dit\u00fd a voda na kyselinu s\u00edrovou. Nab\u00edjen\u00ed pokra\u010duje a\u017e nap\u011bt\u00ed dos\u00e1hne 14,4V (2,4V \/ \u010dl\u00e1nek) a akumul\u00e1tor plynuje. To je tzv. znak pln\u00e9ho nabit\u00ed.\tPo odpojen\u00ed nab\u00edjen\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed baterie pom\u011brn\u011b rychle klesne na hodnotu 13,2V (2,2V \/ \u010dl\u00e1nek) a n\u00e1sledn\u011b o n\u011bco pomaleji d\u00e1l kles\u00e1 a\u017e na hodnotu 12,6V (2,1V\/\u010dl\u00e1nek). To je hodnota pln\u011b nabit\u00e9 baterie. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1me, \u017ee to je „nap\u011bt\u00ed na pr\u00e1zdno„, tedy bez zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jak\u00fdmkoliv spot\u0159ebi\u010dem.\t\u00a0\t\u00dadr\u017eba\tKontrola dob\u00edjen\u00ed, o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u00f3lov\u00fdch n\u00e1stavc\u016f akumul\u00e1toru a dota\u017een\u00ed bateriov\u00fdch svorek. Nenech\u00e1vat baterii dlouho ve vybit\u00e9m stavu. U klasick\u00fdch bateri\u00ed nav\u00edc kontrola hladiny elektrolytu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dopln\u011bn\u00ed destilovan\u00e9 vody                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Akumul\u00e1torov\u00e1 baterie, ta trocha teorie nikoho nezabije","item":"https:\/\/www.tinky.cz\/akumulatorova-baterie-ta-trocha-teorie-nikoho-nezabije\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]